1.6 Technological Aspects of Different Production Process Like Power, Pollution control
& Recovery Process
Power: This is an important factor in the industry and can provide the competitive edge. From the days of
a hefty power consumption of 140 units per tonne of cement, the consumption is about 90-100 units.
Availability of power is another problem and almost all companies have gone in for massive power
generating sets to improve their working.
Recovery Process - Waste Management:
There are various ways in which one could categorise waste. However, the generally accepted classification
is given below:
(i) Classification on the basis of Resources, i.e., how much of a particular resource has been wasted.
(ii) Classification on the basis of property i.e. whether the materials that have been wasted are
hazardous to life and environment or whether they fall in the category of non-hazardous.
(iii) Classification on the basis of the recoverability of resources.
(iv) Classification on the basis of origin of waste, i.e., whether it is commercial waste or industrial
waste, residential waste or office waste and construction waste or agricultural waste.
The chief objectives of waste management are as follows:
• Minimisation of overall waste in any operating system under scrutiny.
• Maximisation of previous resources, so that these are not frittered away and the opportunity cost is
bare minimum.
• To cut down on all the unnecessary activities which do not add value to the system.
• To increase the profitability of the operation followed by different organisations.
• To inculcate a sense of cost-effectiveness which could trigger off the prudent practices of Total Cost
Management (TCM).
• To follow the ethics and the principles of Total Quality Management (TQM).
• To aspire for international recognition, vital to face the competition prevailing in the current global as
well as the domestic market.
Attributes of effective waste collection system:
An efficient waste collection system serves the organisation in more ways than one. It may be extremely
costly to install and operate, but once handled properly, provides substantial savings to the organsiation
by providing the operating costs and other overheads. The structure of an effective waste collection system
depends on the following key factors.
Overview of Production Process
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1. Identify the waste.
2. Waste-separation at source.
3. Decide about the quantity to be stored in a particular container.
4. Decide about the physical dimensions other important attributes of the container.
5. Collect the waste in these containers.
6. Make projections of the rate of waste generation.
7. Depending on the above, ensure that the waste collection is timely and proper without any delays or
bottlenecks.
8. Induce some kind of benefits—whether monetary inducements or otherwise to the employees collecting
the waste at source.
9. Motivational and other techniques can be effectively used to achieve the above defined result.
10. Make provisions to transport the waste so collected to the salvage industry or the localised unit, as the
case may be.
11. Collect the available organic wastes.
12. Ensure that the inorganic wastes are not left behind.
13. Clearly differentiate between the different types of waste.
14. Handling each container on the basis of the waste-type stored in these.
15. Keep an emergency or contingency plan ready.
Recycling of wastes
Often the waste generated across the industries can be recycled and used again and again. However, it is
not as simple as it appears to be. Certain appropriate recycling projects have to be created to achieve such
results.
Features of waste disposal system:
The salient features of an effective waste proposal system are as follows:
1. Easy to install and operate.
2. Economical from the cash outflow point of view.
3. Convenient and not highly complex.
4. Within the budgetary constraints.
5. Approved by the legislation and other statutory authorities in force.
6. Flexibility and not rigidity in operations.
7. Economies of scale.
8. Does not require highly skilled labour force for its operation.
9. Adaptability in the context of the needs and objectives of the organsiation.
Operation Management
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Pollution Control:
Pollution can be of four types, on the basis of the forms:
(i) Solid – type , (ii) Liquid – type, (iii) Gaseous pollutants, (iv) Hybrid-type, having features and
characteristics of one or more of the above three.
Definition and meaning of noise-pollution - Noise may be defined as an unwelcome, unpleasant, unwanted
and unavoidable sound. For example it can be classified as under:
Unpleasant Noise - Sources of such noise are, predominantly:
(i) Industrial outlets.
(ii) Increased automation.
(iii) Lack of work culture.
(iv) Lack of awareness.
(v) No concern for the environmental and other allied issues.
Unavoidable Noise: Unavoidable noise is a part and parcel of our daily life. We simply cannot escape from
it. It is one of the prices one has to pay foil modern living. These are from:
(i) Regular sources.
(ii) Work-places/stations.
(iii) Use of machines.
(iv) Limited and restricted choices.
Other types could be vibration. People exposed to it for longer periods are likely to suffer from fatigue and
exhaustion – which may prove to be quite costly in the long run.
Objectives of pollution control
Although the main aims of pollution control are simple enough, i.e. “to make the world a better place to
live in”, the sub-objectives and the strategies adopted for this purpose are given below:
1. Environmental preservance.
2. Ecological balance.
3. Dignity of life for all and sundry.
4. Protection from physical diseases.
5. Protection and prevention from mental impairment.
6. To maintain the right balance between the nature’s bountiful resources and to protect them.
7. To increase the life expectancy.
8. To enjoy a stress-free high quality existence.
9. To increase the employees productivity.
10. To boost up the organisational growth at the micro level.
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11. To felicitate nations to be more competitive at a macro level.
12. To integrate and synthesise the world as one at the global level.
Control of pollution : Pollution cannot effectively be controlled by the use of a single technique. Since the
causes and the effects of different types of pollution are diverse and distinct from each other, there cannot
be any thumb- rule or golden rule which could be applied in the present context. However, in general, a
prudent use of the techniques given below, in conjunction with other appropriate measures, is bound to
bring in the desired results. These are:
1. Controlling at source.
2. Controlling during processes, operations and other activities.
3. Control by suitable enclosures.
4. Control by protection.
5. Control by preventions.
6. Control by absorption.
7. Adhering to regulations laid down by the following authorities:
(a) Respective state governments.
(b) Central Government.
(c) Guidelines issued by the global bodies representing individual pollution control measures.
(d) Ensuring compliance with any other law for the time being in force.
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